Missouri SEC

This document was developed with the help of Bob Coulter. The purpose of this document is to help teachers identify specific content areas that are addressed by Monarchs in the Classroom activities. Lessons listed for each standard do not necessarily cover the entire standard. Monarchs in the Classroom Systematic/Experiment/Conservation Curriculum lessons (S1 - C4) are listed next to Standards that they address (left column). Appropriate lessons are marked with an 'X'. Example: Experiments 1-3 (E1-E3) each fulfill Number 6 of Part A of Missouri's K-4 Scientific Inquiry standard.
(S1-S4 denote Systematic lessons, E1-E3 denote Experiments, and C1-C4 denote Conservation lessons)

6. The accuracy of measurements is very important as inaccuracy often produces questionable results.

7. Additional, more careful observations resolve different explanations for the same event.

8. Graphs, charts, maps, equations, and oral and written reports can be used to share the results of a scientific investigation and facilitate its discussion.

9. Problems can often be solved by physically altering specific components of a mechanical or biological system and observing the consequences.

1. Various statistical procedures are used to determine characteristics of sets of data as well as to determine the validity of experimental results.

2. The use of tools allows more sophisticated means of observation and data collection, analyzation, storage, and retrieval.

3. The comprehensiveness and sophistication of science are dependent on the ability to determine and use appropriate tools and technologies.

4. Communication and the open sharing of information and knowledge are essential parts of scientific inquiry

2. Most experiments involve changing something and then repeatedly comparing it to something similar that has not been changed.

1. A valid experiment, or "fair test," involves the manipulation of only one variable, while all others are held constant. Experiments should be repeated many times before accepting the results as true.

2. Critical analysis of procedures, data, evidence, and conclusions developed during an investigation can be used to judge the quality and validity of the work.

3. Technology extends the ability of people to change the way things work.

4. Technological solutions to problems often have drawbacks as well as benefits.

1. The issues related to science, technology, and society are often complex and involve risk/benefit trade-offs.

2. Breakthroughs in science often lead to advances in technology, and improved technological equipment leads to more accurate data collection in scientific inquiry.

2. Advances in science and technology are occurring at a faster rate today than in the past.

1. Important contributions in science have been made by many different people, in different cultures, and at different times. Their places of work include offices, classrooms, laboratories, farms, factories, and natural field settings everywhere.

2. Some people (e.g. women and minorities) have sometimes been discouraged or denied the opportunity of participating in science because of education or employment prejudices and restrictions.

2. Science requires many different kinds of activities, involving men and women of all ages and backgrounds.

1. Scientific ethics require that scientists must not knowingly subject coworkers, students, human research subjects, the neighborhood, or the community to health or property risks without their knowledge and consent.

2. Social, cultural, environmental, and economic factors all influence which science and technology will be undertaken and used. Society and the environment are directly influenced by the discoveries of science and products of technology.

4. Matter is anything that has mass and volume and is composed of smaller parts.

5. Substances can occur either in a pure form or as a mixture.

6. Physical properties of matter can change.

1. In a closed system, matter is conserved during any physical or chemical change.

2. Some physical properties depend on the amount of matter present while other properties do not.

3. Almost all matter is derived from naturally occurring elements. Each element is made of atoms that bond together to form molecules.

4. The arrangement, motion, and interaction of molecules determine the physical state for the matter.

5. Compounds can be analyzed and separated by making use of their unique chemical and physical properties.

6. Chemical changes occur at the atomic level to form new substances with different properties.

7. Solution properties depend on concentration and nature of the substances involved.

4. Some of the sun’s light is transformed into heat when it hits objects.

5. Electricity can be converted into light, heat, sound, magnetism, or mechanical motion.

6. Friction produces heat.

7. Sound travels at different rates through different materials

8. Light spreads from a source and travels in straight lines. Light can be transmitted, reflected, refracted, or absorbed by different materials.

1. Most processes involve energy transformation with the release of heat. However, the total amount of energy remains constant.

2. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of energy bands of visible and non-visible wavelengths. White light from the sun consists of a mixture of wavelengths and energies in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Electrical energy is transferred by the movement of electrons driven by a voltage through a complete circuit and is extremely useful to humankind.

4. Static electricity is potential energy stored in a collection of separated negative and positive charges.

5. Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds between atoms in the elements and compounds.

3. Warm objects lose heat to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature.

4. Different types of matter conduct heat at different rates.

1. Energy is required to produce changes in matter and to do work.

2. Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation.

3. The interaction between matter and energy can result in changes in electronic, atomic, and molecular motion.

4. Different materials have different electrical resistance.

5. Energy travels through matter as waves.

2. An object’s motion can be described in terms of another object (e.g. faster, slower) and how its position changes over time.

1. The motion of an object can be described as a change in position, direction, and speed.

2. The motion of an object can be represented graphically in terms of direction over time, speed over time, or position over time.

3. Acceleration occurs when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.

4. Forces can be mechanical, gravitational, magnetic, or electrostatic.

1. The overall effect of many forces acting on an object at the same time is called net force. The size and direction of this net force determines the change in motion of an object.

2. Whenever an object exerts a force on another, an equal but opposite force is exerted back on it.

3. Every object exerts a force on every other object. Its magnitude depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them.

3. An unbalanced force causes an object to change speed or direction. The magnitude of the change in speed or direction depends on the amount of force applied and the mass of the object.

4. Simple machines are used to change the direction of an applied force and provide the mechanical advantage needed to move objects.

1. Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and/or position (potential energy) of an object.

2. The work done on an object depends on both the applied force and the distance an object moves.

3. Simple machines can be used to change the force on an object, its speed, or its direction of movement.

3. Constellations are patterns of stars.

4. Earth is in our solar system and has unique properties.

5. Earth rotates on a tilted axis and revolves around the sun. This combination causes changes in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth’ surface and makes our seasons.

1. The universe is so large that its distances are expressed in special units (i.e. light years, astronomical units).

2. Celestial objects possess both similarities and differences.

3. Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy, one of many galaxies in the universe.

4. The motion and positions of objects in the solar system are observable phenomena that can be explained.

5. Recurring and predictable movements of the Earth and moon can be used to measure time.

6. Different constellations can be seen in different seasons.

7. The sun, moon, stars, and planets appear to move from east to west each day.

1. The force of gravity determines the orbital patterns of celestial objects.

2. Earth is a moving planet that has unique features.

3. Earth rotates on a tilted axis as it revolves around the sun causing sunlight to hit at different angles. The revolution and tilt produce seasonal variations in weather and climates.

4. Moon phases and eclipses result from the angle from which we view the moon.

5. Nine planets, their moons, comets, asteroids, and meteorites orbit the sun.

2. Telescopes and satellite imaging allow scientists to observe features and structures of some objects in the sky.

3. Space exploration has provided many benefits to humankind.

1. A variety of technological tools are used to provide information concerning the physical properties and conditions of the solar system.

2. Most information about the universe comes from the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Research associated with space exploration has resulted in technological advances that have affected the quality of life.

5. Fossils provide evidence of plants and animals that lived long ago and the environment in which they lived.

6. Water is a valuable natural resource essential to all life.

7. Rocks, minerals, and soil have physical characteristics by which they can be classified.

8. Soil composition varies from location to location and affects the type of plants that can grow in that location.