References
Migration Introduction | How
do monarchs know when to leave? | Where do the monarchs
go? | How do monarchs find the overwintering sites?
| How do scientists study migration? | References |
Migration Research Projects | Research
Topics | Site Overview
Barker, J. F. and W. S. Herman. 1973. On the neuroendocrine control of ovarian development
in the Monarch butterfly. Journal of Experimental Zoology 183: 1-10.
Barker, J. F. and W. S. Herman. 1976. Effect of photoperiod and temperature on reproduction
of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. Journal of Insect Physiology
22: 1565-1568.
Brower, L.P., W.H. Calvert, L.E. Hendrick and J. Christian. 1977. Biological observations
of an overwintering colony of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus, Danaidae)
in Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 31: 232-242.
Brower, L. P. 1985. New perspectives on the migration biology of the Monarch butterfly,
Danaus plexippus L. In Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance,
(ed. M.A. Rankin), pp. 748-785. Contributions in Marine Science, vol. 27
(Suppl.). Port Aransas, Texas: Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas
at Austin.
Calvert, W. H. and L. P. Brower. 1986. The location of monarch butterfly (Danaus
plexippus L.) overwintering colonies in Mexico in relation to topography and
climate. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 40(3): 164-187.
Goehring, E. 1999. Environmental factors involved in reproductive diapause
in monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus. Master's thesis.
University of Minnesota.
Herman, W. S. 1981. Studies on the adult reproductive diapause of the monarch butterfly,
Danaus plexippus. Biological Bulletin 160: 89-106.
Herman, W. S., L. P. Brower and W. H. Calvert. 1989. Reproductive tract development
in monarch butterflies overwintering in California and Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists’
Society, 43(1): 50-58.
Hunter, M. D. and J. N. McNeil. 1997. Host-plant quality influences diapause and
voltinism in a polyphagous insect herbivore. Ecology 78: 977-986.
James, D.G. 1993. Migration biology of the Monarch butterfly in Australia. In Biology
and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and M.P. Zalucki),
pp.189-200. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA.
Kanz, J. E. 1977. The orientation of migrant and non-migrant monarch butterflies,
Danaus plexippus (L.). Psyche 84: 120-141.
Leather, S.R., K.F.A. Walters and J.S. Bale. 1993. The Ecology of Insect Overwintering.
University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.
Malcolm, S.B., B.J. Cockrell, and L.P. Brower. 1987. Monarch butterfly voltinism:
effects of temperature constraints at different latitudes. Oikos 49: 77-82.
Oberhauser, K.S. and R. S. Hampton. 1995. The relationship between mating and oogenesis
in monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danainae). Journal of Insect Behavior
8: 701-713.
Schmidt-Koenig, K. 1985. Migration strategies of monarch butterflies. In Migration:
Mechanisms and adaptive significance (ed. M. A. Rankin), p. 786-798. Austin,
TX: University of Texas Contribution in Marine Science (Suppl. 27).
Schmidt-Koenig, K. 1993. Orientation of autumn migration in the monarch butterfly.
In Biology and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and
M.P. Zalucki), pp. 275-283. Los Angeles, CA: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County.
Tuskes, P.M. and L.P. Brower. 1978. Overwintering ecology of the monarch butterfly,
Danaus p. plexippus L., in California. Ecological Entomology 3: 141-153.
Urquhart, F.A. and N.R. Urquhart 1978. Autumnal migration routes of the eastern
population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.; Danaidae; Lepidoptera)
in North America to the overwintering site in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico.
Canadian Journal of Zoology 56: 1759-1764.
Vane-Wright, R. I. 1993. The Columbus Hypothesis: An Explanation for the Dramatic
19th Century Range Expansion of the Monarch Butterfly. In Biology and
Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and M.P. Zalucki),
pp. 179-188. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
Wassenaar, L. I. and K. A. Hobson. 1998. Natal origins of migratory monarch butterflies
at wintering colonies in Mexico: New isotopic evidence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
95: 15436-15439.