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References

Knowing When To Leave | Where Do They Go? | Finding Overwintering Sites | Studying Migration | References

  • Barker, J. F. and W. S. Herman. 1973. On the neuroendocrine control of ovarian development in the Monarch butterfly. Journal of Experimental Zoology 183: 1-10.
  • Barker, J. F. and W. S. Herman. 1976. Effect of photoperiod and temperature on reproduction of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. Journal of Insect Physiology 22: 1565-1568.
  • Brower, L.P., W.H. Calvert, L.E. Hendrick and J. Christian. 1977. Biological observations of an overwintering colony of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus, Danaidae) in Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 31: 232-242.
  • Brower, L. P. 1985. New perspectives on the migration biology of the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. In Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance, (ed. M.A. Rankin), pp. 748-785. Contributions in Marine Science, vol. 27 (Suppl.). Port Aransas, Texas: Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Calvert, W. H. and L. P. Brower. 1986. The location of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) overwintering colonies in Mexico in relation to topography and climate. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 40(3): 164-187.
  • Goehring, E.  1999.  Environmental factors involved in reproductive diapause in monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus.  Master's thesis.  University of Minnesota.
  • Herman, W. S. 1981. Studies on the adult reproductive diapause of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. Biological Bulletin 160: 89-106.
  • Herman, W. S., L. P. Brower and W. H. Calvert. 1989. Reproductive tract development in monarch butterflies overwintering in California and Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 43(1): 50-58.
  • Hunter, M. D. and J. N. McNeil. 1997. Host-plant quality influences diapause and voltinism in a polyphagous insect herbivore. Ecology 78: 977-986.
  • James, D.G. 1993. Migration biology of the Monarch butterfly in Australia. In Biology and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and M.P. Zalucki), pp.189-200. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA.
  • Kanz, J. E. 1977. The orientation of migrant and non-migrant monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.). Psyche 84: 120-141.
  • Leather, S.R., K.F.A. Walters and J.S. Bale. 1993. The Ecology of Insect Overwintering. University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.
  • Malcolm, S.B., B.J. Cockrell, and L.P. Brower. 1987. Monarch butterfly voltinism: effects of temperature constraints at different latitudes. Oikos 49: 77-82.
  • Oberhauser, K.S. and R. S. Hampton. 1995. The relationship between mating and oogenesis in monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danainae). Journal of Insect Behavior 8: 701-713.
  • Schmidt-Koenig, K. 1985. Migration strategies of monarch butterflies. In Migration: Mechanisms and adaptive significance (ed. M. A. Rankin), p. 786-798. Austin, TX: University of Texas Contribution in Marine Science (Suppl. 27).
  • Schmidt-Koenig, K. 1993. Orientation of autumn migration in the monarch butterfly. In Biology and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and M.P. Zalucki), pp. 275-283. Los Angeles, CA: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
  • Tuskes, P.M. and L.P. Brower. 1978. Overwintering ecology of the monarch butterfly, Danaus p. plexippus L., in California. Ecological Entomology 3: 141-153.
  • Urquhart, F.A. and N.R. Urquhart 1978. Autumnal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.; Danaidae; Lepidoptera) in North America to the overwintering site in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56: 1759-1764.
  • Vane-Wright, R. I. 1993. The Columbus Hypothesis: An Explanation for the Dramatic 19th Century Range Expansion of the Monarch Butterfly. In Biology and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly (eds. S.B. Malcolm and M.P. Zalucki), pp. 179-188. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
  • Wassenaar, L. I. and K. A. Hobson. 1998. Natal origins of migratory monarch butterflies at wintering colonies in Mexico: New isotopic evidence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 15436-15439.